This research article examines legal discrimination against Children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian Children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the legal status of Children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity for all Children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by Children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

After performance of successful program for control and treatment of acute gastroenteritis, acute respiratory infections (ARI) especially pneumonia, are the most important infectious etiology of Children’s mortality in developing countries nowadays.Diagnosis of pneumoma is made on clinical grounds it is based on four sets of data including Clinic, epidemiology, Radiology and routine laboratory tests. Then, pneumonia itself can be divided to three categories including bacterial, viral and atypical pneumonia. Each type of pneumonia is treated after possible diagnosis with its criteria. Correct and accurate knowledge of physicians of diagnosis and therapy of this important disease in Children could prevent unnecessary costs and decrease its morbidity and mortality.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit, concentration, and slowness in information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) of the parent form among Iranian Children. The present study is a descriptive study. A sample of 1700 people was selected from the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Fars and Khorasan using cluster sampling method. 122 subjects were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers to the questionnaires and thus the final sample was reduced to 1578 parents. The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, we computed correlations between different dimensions of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale with Attention Deficit Subscale of Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results of statistical results showed that this scale has structural validity, criterion and convergence in Iranian society. The results indicate that the scale is three factors and also the validity of the scale using Cronbach's alpha method and retest test after Approved two weeks. According to the findings of the present study, the parent form of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) has a good validity and reliability and it can be used in research related to slow cognitive multiplication in Iranian society.

Introduction: Conversational repair strategies are among the most important pragmatic skills and are classified under the category of conversational skills. The importance of these skills has been specifically explored in hearing-impaired or specific language-impaired Children who are prone to communicative breakdowns during interactions with others. Speech-language pathologists' knowledge about the conversational repair strategies (i.e., repetition, revision, addition and cue repair) and their Normal application during communicative interactions is at best limited and tentative. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare these strategies in Children with 3, 4 and 5 years of age.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional research, the employment of conversational repair strategies were evaluated across 72 speech samples derived from Farsi-speaking Children resident in Isfahan-Iran. The subjects were divided into three age groups: 3, 4 and 5 years.Results: The results indicated that revision, cue repair and inappropriate responses had significant correlation with age whereas repetition and addition strategies did not show such relationship. With regard to gender of subjects, revision was the only strategy which was more applied by boys than by girls.Conclusion: Repetition was the most frequently applied strategy in each age group. The employment of revision strategy was more common in younger Children and, with increasing age, its application decreased. However, subjects used cue repair more frequently as their age increased. These results were in agreement with study results of foreign researchers.

This study compared emotion regulation in Children with learning disorders and Normal in ages 9 to 11. The design of this study was descriptive-post facto one. The sample consists of 30 Children with learning disorders and 30 Normal Children which were selected in available from Tehran city. The two instruments, Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were performed. ERQ was filled out by Children. ERC was filled out by their parents. Data analysis showed that comparing Normal Children and LD Children showed higher liability/negativity and lower score in using of emotion regulation of reappraisal. The findings of main and interaction effects of demographics were also examined in detail at the following article. Accordingly, we suggest that emotional problems in this group should be more considered by professionals and teachers, and related programs should be designed in order to improvement of the problems of these Children.